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Post n°3 pubblicato il 28 Settembre 2012 da formanllc
The Japanese corporation Sony is well known the world over. The business’s televisions, computers, video games and other electronic products have developed solid reputations, making it one of the leading electronics manufacturers and biggest businesses in the world. How did Sony establish itself as such a successful company? Masaru Ibuka, Sony’s founder, returned from WWII and started a telecommunications business with other engineers he had worked with producing military electronics equipment during the war. According the company’s prospectus, Ibuka wanted to provide an environment that enabled dedicated engineers to work as much as their passions dictated, as opposed to the poor conditions they worked in during the war. Improving Japan with innovative, dynamic technologies drove the company’s initial efforts. Sony’s mission involved bringing to common households the latest technology developed in both the war and academia. Two examples of fulfilling this mission were the company’s effort to repair shortwave radios and manufacturing an electric rice cooker that consistently produced undercooked or overcooked rice. Its radio repair was a success. In 1949 and 1950, the company produced one of the earliest tape recorders and the first to be marketed in Japan. An advertisement for the tape recorder even reported that the machine would eventually replace the phonograph in homes across Japan. Later, Ibuka licensed the right to use the U.S. company Bell Lab’s transistor to produce portable radios. The popularity of Sony’s various radio models in overseas markets like Canada, the U.S., Germany, and the Netherlands marked the company’s first export success. With this export success, Sony decided to focus on foreign sales as a major part of its revenue. But instead of simply exporting goods made in Japan, it believed the better strategy would be to establish offices in major foreign markets. The company set up offices in New York, Shanghai, and Zurich. Sony Corporation of America was born in 1960. Truly daring, no Japanese company had ever attempted to do business in the U.S. as an American company (rather than selling imported goods to a U.S. business). The 1960s and 1970s saw Sony diversify into new, revolutionary technologies. After pressure from Ibuka that video recorders were the next product to develop after tape recorders and televisions, the company’s engineers painstakingly developed a Video Cassette Recorder for home use. The project succeeded tremendously, becoming known for its ease of use and high picture quality, Sony produced 2.2 million VCRs in 1979, an eightfold increase from its VCR production just three years earlier. Film and television studios even sued Sony on claims of copyright infringement for VCR owners’ recordation of various TV programs and films. Next in Sony’s innovative climb to the top, it collaborated with Dutch electronics manufacturer Philips to create the Compact Disc. The team settled on an optical disc read via laser because it would deteriorate far slower with no instrument contacting it physically as it played. The CD of course went on to dominate physical music media during the 1990s and 2000s until the rise of digital music files like MP3s and FLACs. Sony continues to leave its mark on the electronics industry with its foray into the computer, video game, and Blu-Ray markets, and continues to be ranked high among the largest companies in the world, coming in at the 73rd largest in 2011 with $83.845 billion in total revenue that year. Star a Company of Your own at howtoformanllc.org |
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You might be aware of the benefits you can get from operating a business as a (LLC) Limited Liability Company. It is a Limited liability protection and a simple approach of paying taxes as compared to the one required for corporations. This article concentrates on the process you need to take to make the LLC a legal reality. Significantly you must: · Select the available business name which meets the terms with the state’s LLC laws. · File documents, generally called articles of organization, and pay the filing fee. · Make an LLC working contract that creates the rights and responsibilities of the Limited Liability Company members. · Issue a notice of your intention to create an LLC · Get permits and licenses which may be needed for the business. Selecting the Name for your LLC The name of the LLC should comply with the LLC division state’s rules. It is an office which the Corporation division and the Department or Secretary of State’s office are combined. Generally, the requirements vary from state to state: · The name should not be the same with another LLC presently operating · The name should end with an LLC designator like Limited Liability Company or Limited Company or the abbreviation of one of the following phrases L.L.C., LLC or Ltd. Liability Co. · The name should not include some words not allowed by the state, like insurance, city, bank or a corporation. Normally states differ in prohibited terms. The state’s LLC office will inform you how to check if the proposed name is available for use. Most of the time you can make a reservation of your LLC name for a limited period of time by paying a small amount. The reservation can be for a limited time frame until you file the articles of organization. Aside from following the naming rules in your LLC state, you need to ensure that your name will not violate any company’s trademark. As soon as you found a lawful and available name, there is no need for you to register it with your state. The business name will be registered automatically once you file your articles of organization. Filing the Articles of Organization Once you are done with the name of your business, you should organize and file the Articles of Organization with the state’s LLC filing office. As most states employ the Articles of Organization which pertain to the basic document developing an LLC, other states such as Mississippi, Washington, Delaware, New Jersey and New Hampshire employ the term “Certification of Formation.” Pennsylvania and Massachusetts term the document a Certificate of Organization. The primary disadvantage of developing an LLC instead of a single proprietorship or partnership is that you will have to pay a certain amount upon filing of your articles of organization. Developing an LLC Operating Contract Although operating contracts need to be filed at the LLC filing office and are seldom required by state law, it is important that you make one. The LLC operating contract includes the rules for the operation and the ownership of the company. Notice of Intention If you are creating an LLC in New York or Arizona, you should take an additional step in order for your company to become official. You should publish in the local newspaper a notice informing that you plan to form an LLC. It is a must that you publish a notice many times for about a week and then forward an affidavit of publication to the filing office. Permits and Licenses Upon completion of the above steps, your LLC becomes official. However, before you can start operating your business, you need to get the permits and licenses that are normally needed if you have a new business. It may include a business license, a seller’s permit, zoning permit or a federal employer identification number. It is highly advised that with every LLC you have an operating agreement. This is the only legal document that states that you in fact own, or members own your LLC.
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Post n°1 pubblicato il 18 Settembre 2012 da formanllc
Among the many strategies to improve your business, obtaining exclusive distribution rights to a product can do wonders for both the distributor and the product’s manufacturer. Exclusive distribution is when only one company has the right to distribute a particular product in a specific territory. Companies that obtain the exclusive right to distribute a product can gain several advantages. Anyone who wants the specific product would have to go to the distributor because only the distributor has the right to sell it. Thus, the right decreases competition for the distributor. Further, the right might be even more valuable if the product is highly desirable and if consumers are not as interested in competing products. For example, if Seven Eleven is the only store that may sell Coca-Cola, the store is likely to draw many more customers who specifically want Coke and not any other soda because many people prefer Coke (although realistically, Coca-Cola surely wants its products to be sold everywhere). Exclusive distribution rights can benefit the company that produces the product as well. Only permitting specific distributors to sell your product can enhance your product’s image by making it seem more exclusive to consumers. Suppose Apple only permits one particular chain of electronics outlets to sell its machines. This could be a smart marketing strategy because Apple has cultivated an image of its products as being rare and exceptional. If Apple products were available in many electronics stores, like Dells and HPs are, this wide availability could clash with their image as an exclusive product. In fact, it can be more prudent for expensive items to be sold under exclusive distribution arrangements because companies often market the items as luxury items, and their exclusive availability would enhance their perceived luxury status. Conversely, businesses won’t benefit as much from the exclusive distribution of cheap items because they need to be sold in great quantity, which requires being distributed by as many outlets as possible. Another benefit of granting exclusive distribution rights is geographical exclusion. If one company is the only outlet in a huge, wealthy market like Europe or the U.S., that company has a great advantage over its competitors. One example of this is when Pacarc LLC became the exclusive distributor in the U.S. for a Mitsubishi hand dryer called the Jet Towel. The Jet Towel was unique in its high speed drying ability and low impact on the environment. Pacarc LLC likely stood to gain a great advantage by obtaining exclusive distribution because tens of thousands of facilities in the U.S. would buy hand dryers, and they all must purchase from Pacarc LLC if they want this particular high-tech brand. This strategy isn’t flawless though. It cannot stop other competitors from making similar products and selling those in the same locations. For instance, the U.K. manufacturer Dyson began selling its high tech Air Blade hand dryer in the U.S. just one year after the Jet Towel made its U.S. debut. |
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