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« MODO PARTICIPIO

PARTICIPIO PASSATO E PAS... »

PARTICIPIO E PASSATO PROSSIMO

Post n°35 pubblicato il 29 Settembre 2008 da angelpoeta666

Tag: avere, essere, GRAMMATICA, ITALIANO, nelson fernando celis, PARTICIPIO, passato, passato prossimo, verbi ausiliari

Il passato composto o prossimo si forma con il presente dei verbi ausiliari “essere” o “avere” più il participio passato del verbo.

ESSERE

AVERE

SONO

SEI

STATO/A

A Bogota

In Colombia

Da Teresa

HAI

AVUTO

molti problemi

SIAMO

SIETE

SONO

STATI/E

ABBIAMO

AVETE

HANNO

Vogliono l’ausiliare “essere”:

- quasi tutti i verbi intransitivi (succedere, essere, costare, riuscire, sembrare...)

- i verbi intransitivi di trasformazione (diventare, divenire...)

- i verbi pronominali.

- i verbi di moto (movimento) che presuppongono un punto di partenza o di arrivo (andare, venire, uscire, entrare, salire, scendere, arrivare, partire, tornare, cadere...)

- i verbi di stato e di stato in luogo (stare, restare, nascere, crescere, morire, ingrassare, rimanere, dimagrire, guarire...)

- i verbi impersonali (piovere, nevicare, andare, costare, parere, piacere...)

- i verbi riflessivi (pettinarsi, lavarsi, svegliarsi, ricordarsi, pentirsi, vestirsi...)

Vogliono l’ausiliare “avere”:

- tutti i verbi transitivi.

- alcuni verbi intransitivi di movimento (camminare, viaggiare, passeggiare, nuotare)

- alcuni verbi intransitivi (dormire, ridere, bussare...)

- i verbi modali (dovere, potere, volere)

Alcuni verbi possono prendere “essere” o “avere”:

- Cominciare e finire: il concerto è cominciato alle 8:00 ed è finito alle 10:00 / Ho cominciato un nuovo lavoro. / il cane ha finito tutta la zuppa.

- Salire e scendere: sono salito in ascensore e sono sceso anche in ascensore. / Ho salito i gradini due a due e poi ho sceso lentamente.

- I verbi modali (servili): quando ci sono i verbi servili di solito si preferisce usare l’ausiliare richiesto dall’ infinito che segue. Usati in senso assoluto prendono “avere”. Esempi: è dovuto uscire, è potuta andare, è voluto tornare. / ha dovuto ascoltare, ha potuto telefonare, ha voluto leggere.

- I verbi che riferiscono fenomeni atmosferici: è nevicato / ha nevicato.

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