Creato da: diegobaratono il 02/05/2008
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Messaggi del 18/02/2011

 

Il latte, questo sconosciuto ...

Post n°704 pubblicato il 18 Febbraio 2011 da diegobaratono

Da:"ScienceNews.org"
Early cow’s milk consumption may cut breast-cancer risk
Hormones in the milk may explain the protection, scientists say
Web edition : Wednesday, February 2nd, 2011
 
Research studies paint a muddy picture of milk’s cancer threat. Some have linked consumption of cow’s milk with a heightened risk of breast-cancer malignancies. Others have suggested milk drinking might be protective. A new animal study suggests these data may not be quite as contradictory as they at first seemed.

Leena Hilakivi-Clarke of Georgetown University’s Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center and her colleagues find that — at least in rats — youthful exposures to cow’s milk alters one of the key structures in developing mammary tissue. Called terminal end buds, these are the sites at which cancers normally start. Milk drinking’s ability to transform them into a more mature state just might render this tissue resistant to carcinogen exposures, the researchers argue in the
January 1, 2011, International Journal of Cancer.

In their study, pregnant rats were randomly assigned to slake any thirst with either milk or tap water. Each mom continued to get the same beverage after delivering her pups. And at weaning, female pups got mom’s designated beverage as well — until they reached sexual maturity at around 33 days old.

Offspring exposed to cow’s milk constituents — beginning in the womb and on through to puberty — attained sexual maturity about 2.5 days earlier than rats that had been drinking water. Moreover, milk-reared animals also had substantially fewer terminal end buds at 25 days old (40 versus around 55) and as a 50-day-old adult (around 18 versus 22).

This difference in bud counts may help explain why the milk-reared rats proved relatively resistant to the impacts of a chemical carcinogen administered on day 50: DMBA (for 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene).

Over the next 18 weeks, only 46 percent of the milk-reared rodents went on to develop mammary cancers, compared to more than 63 percent of the rats that had drunk only water. Moreover, when tumors developed, they tended to emerge two weeks later in the milk-reared offspring — and the average number of tumors per animal was just half as many as in the water-quaffing rats.

One obvious suspicion: the milieu of hormones that milk brings to the drinking bottle.

Cows rev up their estrogen production during pregnancy and lactation. Studies have shown that relatively low levels of estrogens — 60 nanograms per liter of blood or less — circulate in nonpregnant cows and bovine moms through their first trimester. But from the second trimester until their calves’ delivery, estrogen levels can soar to 1,600 nanograms per liter of blood. And cows will shed large concentrations of these estrogens into their milk for quite some time.

Bottom line, Hilakivi-Clarke and her colleagues observe: “Estrogen levels in commercial milk are high.” And not surprisingly, they report, high concentrations of estrogens were measured in the blood of pups who had drunk milk — a stark contrast to what was evident in pups whose only beverage had been water.

A woman’s breast cancer risk tends to rise with her lifetime exposure to estrogens: those produced by her body, encountered as drugs or polluting her diet. If the new rodent data mimic what occurs in people — always a big if — milk-borne estrogens might be beneficial, at least during some windows of development.

Since more than 90 percent of human breast cancers originate in tissue analogous to the rats’ terminal end buds, the researchers conclude, girls who drink milk prior to puberty may face a later diminished risk “by eliminating structures that give rise to cancer.”

I come from a long line of serious milk drinkers. Heck, when I was growing up, my family would go through a couple gallons during a Thanksgiving dinner — and that with just six little kids at the dinner tables (we usually had three), meaning adults accounted for most of the consumption. It’s therefore reassuring for me to learn that the milk habit I instilled in my daughter might ultimately pay off with important benefits beyond her strong bones and teeth.

 
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Buone nuove dall'Egitto ...

Post n°703 pubblicato il 18 Febbraio 2011 da diegobaratono

Da:"CNN.com"

Egyptian tourist sites to reopen; tomb break-ins reported

By the CNN Wire Staff
February 17, 2011 9:57 a.m. EST
A soldiers stands guard next to Tutankhamun's gold funerary mask inside the Egyptian Museum _n February 16, 2011.
A soldiers stands guard next to Tutankhamun's gold funerary mask inside the Egyptian Museum on February 16, 2011.
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
  • The sites will reopen on Sunday
  • "False doors" have been reported stolen from burial sites
  • The search continues for items from the Cairo museum
RELATED TOPICS

Cairo, Egypt (CNN) -- Saying he hopes "tourists from around the world will soon return," Egypt's newly appointed minister of antiquities announced Thursday that tourist sites will reopen on Sunday.

"All of the Pharaonic, Coptic, Islamic and modern sites" will reopen, said a statement from the Minister of Antiquities Affairs, Zahi Hawass. The decision was made after Hawass met with members of the ministry and the Antiquities and Tourism Police to discuss security measures.

"Dr. Hawass stated he hopes tourists from around the world will soon return to Egypt," the statement said.

Hawass, former secretary-general of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, was appointed to the new post January 30 under former President Hosni Mubarak. Mubarak stepped down Friday after 18 days of protests and unrest.

There has been widespread concern about Egypt's antiquities being damaged or looted during the upheaval, particularly after reports of a break-in at the nation's main museum in Cairo.

Hawass' office also said Thursday that ancient burial sites have been broken into. Sabry Abdel Aziz, head of the Pharaonic Sector of the ministry, told Hawass that a "false door" and other items were stolen from the tomb of Hetep-Ka, in Saqqara. In Abusir, a portion of a false door was stolen from the tomb of Re-Hotep, the ministry said.

In addition, some storage magazines in Saqqara, including one near the pyramid of Teti, had their seals broken, along with a magazine at Cairo University, the ministry said. Hawass has formed a committee to prepare reports on what, if anything, is missing.

Abusir is a pyramid field on the left bank of the Nile, north of Saqqara, where many 5th Dynasty pharaohs chose to site their burial monuments. Saqqara, one of Egypt's oldest burial sites, has several royal pyramids.

The Egyptian military caught people attempting to loot sites at Tell el Basta and a tomb in Lischt, the ministry said.

"There have also been many reports of attacks on archaeological lands," the statement said, adding that Hawass has asked all of the second heads within the ministry to prepare reports for each site in Egypt.

Hawass said Sunday that at least 17 artifacts were missing from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. The museum was broken into on January 28, not long after anti-Mubarak protests began.

He updated that number to 18 on Monday, but said two of the missing relics -- a heart scarab and one of 11 missing Shabti statuettes -- funerary figurines -- had been found.

On Tuesday, a blog post on Hawass' website said that wooden fragments belonging to a damaged New Kingdom coffin had been found in a preliminary search of the museum and its grounds. Also found were fragments belonging to a statue of King Tutankhamun being carried by the goddess Minkaret, according to the posting, but "all of the located fragments belong to the figure of Menkaret. The small figure of the king has not been found."

Hawass said he believes the looters dropped objects as they fled, and "every inch of the museum must be searched before the Registration, Collections Management and Documentation Department, which is overseeing the inventory, can produce a complete and final report of exactly what is missing," the post said. The Army was allowing few people into the museum, making it difficult to carry out a search, according to the posting.

Hawass said January 31 that the intruders had vandalized statues and display cases and stolen jewelry from the museum's gift shop. A number of suspects were apprehended shortly after the break-in, he said, some with antiquities in their possession.

The Tuesday blog post said that Hawass "would like to clarify earlier statements in which he announced that nothing was missing (from the museum)." He said when the search committee made its first pass through the museum, "objects that were at first thought to be missing were found thrown into trash cans and corners far from their original locations" and he was led to believe that all the items would be found in a full search.

"Professionals out to steal would normally be careful not to damage the objects they were planning to take, so the initial impression was that the attackers were vandals rather than thieves," the blog post said. Hawass was also misinformed by a museum staffer about a statue of the pharaoh Akhenaten and was told it was only damaged when it was missing, the post said.

"In addition to expressing what he then firmly believed, which was that museum staff would continue to locate the missing objects, his intent in these earlier statements was to reassure the world that the damage at the museum, while tragic, was far less widespread than originally feared, and to make clear that the museum's most major masterpieces, such as the Golden Mask of Tutankhamun, were safe."

 
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Attenti al Sole ...

Post n°702 pubblicato il 18 Febbraio 2011 da diegobaratono

Da:"Reuters.com"

Here comes the sun: Solar flares make way to Earth

Thu, Feb 17 2011

 

CHICAGO | Thu Feb 17, 2011 7:31pm EST

CHICAGO (Reuters) - Radiation from the largest solar flare in four years is expected to reach Earth late on Thursday or Friday.

Such events can cause radio blackouts and interfere with communication satellites, but the most likely outcome this time will be brilliant Northern Lights displays, U.S. scientists said.

NASA scientists on Monday reported an X-class solar flare, the first in more than four years. X-class flares are the most powerful of all solar events that can trigger radio blackouts and long-lasting radiation storms.

It was one of a series of three solar flares and prompted speculation that a new solar cycle may be ramping up.

"This is one of the first real solar events of the next solar maximum -- that is when you would see the highest number of solar flares," said Brady O'Hanlon, a doctoral student at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.

O'Hanlon said solar activity typically peaks in 11-year cycles. "We've been at the depths of one of the quietest ever 11-year periods," he said in a telephone interview.

Solar flares are intense, short-lived releases of energy. They show up as bright areas on the sun, producing high levels of radiation and charged particles that can intensify solar winds -- electrically charged particles continuously spewing outward from the sun.

The Earth's magnetic field largely protects the planet from space weather. But massive solar flares can disrupt power grids, interfere with high-frequency airline and military communications, disrupt Global Positioning System signals and interrupt civilian communications, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which tracks solar flares.

NASA says the particle cloud produced by February 14 event is relatively weak, and most likely will only result in some beautiful sightings of the aurora borealis -- shimmery displays of red, green and purple that are expected to light up the northern sky this week.

But O'Hanlon, who conducts research on space weather and its effects on GPS software receivers, says people who have come to rely on their GPS technology during the period of quiet solar activity may see more interference with their navigation systems as solar activity picks up.

"It's been minimum activity, and we haven't had to really worry about GPS. That may not be quite the case over the next few years," he said.

(Editing by Xavier Briand)

 
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